Technology and Innovation

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Decarbonisation and the circular economy are generally considered as solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. In fact, it’s not quite that simple. Circular economy, doesn’t necessarily reduce waste production; instead, it can actually increase it, as these collected goods are treated as resources. That said, circular economy is essential (under certain conditions) for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and particularly in the context of decarbonisation. Renewable energies like solar and wind require the extraction of mineral resources, and exploiting new mines generates greenhouse gas emissions. To break this vicious circle, we need to review our production and consumption model.

Long considered as “playing the Sorcerer’s Apprentice”, geoengineering, which refers to a wide range of large-scale technical interventions on the climate system, has gradually gained credibility over the past few years and is now being seriously considered in international climate debates. In this paper, we aim to analyze this process of normalizing geoengineering within international discussion arenas. This process stems from the integration of a compensation logic through the classical lens of decarbonization: climate agreements now distinguish between the optional reduction of emissions that can be ’mitigated,’ that is, captured through carbon capture techniques, and the mandatory reduction of emissions that cannot be mitigated. This compensation logic has the dual effect of normalizing CC(U)S and carbon geoengineering, while rendering some decarbonization measures optional. The question we will address in this paper is to what extent all of this points to a new horizon: the normalization of the prospect of overshooting the threshold set by the Paris Agreement, and also the normalization of solar geoengineering, understood as a means of thermally compensating for the failure or, at the very least, the postponement of decarbonization measures. The aim, in essence, will be to study the shift from an economy of promise to one of debt.

Two decarbonation specialists were interviewed in February 2024 to find out their analysis of current and future technical and industrial transformations in decarbonisation. What is the strategy of France’s major industrial groups in this area? Are current technologies reliable? Decarbonisation implies the electrification of industrial processes. But how can we produce “green” electricity, since to produce energy, we need energy? What technologies are currently in use and what are the future prospects? Is it possible to decarbonize industry, without calling into question the industrial model that has been gradually built up since the Industrial Revolution?

Our study focuses on the parliamentary debates on the » climate and resilience » bill, which intends to reduce the carbon footprint. It aims to describe and analyse the various symbolic devices, the ideological references mobilised by parliamentarians, and the arguments developped in relation to the government’s for decarbonisation in the context of this bill, by focusing our study on the general discussion. The political right and the government majority structure their discourse around liberal thinking based on economic efficiency, décentralisation and the acceptability of measures. The political far right is developping a nationalist conception of ecology based on ancestral localism. On the political left, we find a conception of ecology centred on the idea of social justice, although with variable geometry. Behind the unaminity in the face of the climate emergency, there are in fact significant differences in the conceptions of decarbonisation of the different parliamentary groups.

How can students be trained in collaborative management? This research question guided the construction of the teaching system presented below. Starting with the implementation of an innovative edutainment experiment, this proposal invites students to construct a theory through a game. Three theoretical foundations provided a basis for this work: collaborative management learning, cooperative games and the use of visual thinking. 23 students in their 2nd year of a Project Management Master tested the ‘Connec’ Team’ cooperative game before writing up their feedback, leading to the construction of a managerial theory presented in the form of a sketchnote. The participants’ feedback highlights the value of edutainment in learning about collaborative management through the use of a game. Reflective and theorising work was facilitated by the use of teaching techniques that break down barriers that are usually inhibiting for students, in particular the writing of an abstract text.

This text analyzes the challenges and prospects associated with the theme of the special issue "Industrial Renewal and Innovation" of the journal "Technology and Innovation". After explaining the relevance of the research in this field, it presents an overview of the articles included in the issue.

This contribution questions the dynamics of the aerospace and defense (A&D) industries by identifying the main factors acting on innovation. Based on the model developed by [BAR 19] and [BAR 20], the research examines the dynamics of defense innovations incorporating components from Artificial Intelligence (AI) research. Considered as a General Purpose Technology (GPT; [BRE 96]), AI and its multiple applications have a significant impact on current and future military capabilities, and constitute relevant empirical material for understanding how innovation operates in the A&D industries.

New Space designates the emergence of an economic system in the space sector in which more and more private actors are called upon to participate. Science fiction has been offering representations of the companies of space capitalism for several years. This article studies some of them, such as the films Space Sweepers, Venom, or the Salvation series, and shows that the figure of the New Space billionaire arouses both fascination and rejection. While these fictions are inspired by real characters like Elon Musk, they also influence the general public and the actors of the space sector. These stories are at the center of strategic and soft power issues. It is suggested that Europe should equip itself with an effective and performative system for creating space science fiction stories in order to optimize the creativity of its future entrepreneurs. Indeed, these stories often offer a reflection on the ethics of space conquest and imagine technologies that could become major innovations in the future.

After a first long phase of governmental and scientific development, the space sector has been shaken up by new approaches during the 2000s, grouped under the generic term "New Space". Through the study of the evolution of this ecosystem, this academic work proposes a characterization of the New Space, considered as a set of disruptions composed of new entrants, new applications, new technologies, new regulations, new processes, and new modes of financing. But, beyond that, it emphasizes that these disruptions are fed by their interaction and interdependence. Finally, this richness of the New Space leads us to identify the numerous implications for the economic and management sciences, whether in terms of research programs or teaching.

The proliferation of patent litigation is indicative of the tension that exists between, on the one hand, the need to ensure interoperability and compatibility between a product’s components and, on the other, respect for intellectual property (IP) rights. In this article, we show that this tension is not new. Patent "wars" have historically been associated with disruptive innovations, and reflect the growing importance of business models based on the valorization of IP. While recognizing the sometimes deleterious effects of the litigation dynamic, litigation can be seen as a means of ex-post adjusting the scope of rights conferred by IP.