@ARTICLE{10.21494/ISTE.OP.2017.0101, 

TITLE={Technological Systems and Evolution of Industrial Risks}, 
  
AUTHOR={Smaïl Aït-el-hadj, }, 
	
JOURNAL={Technology and Innovation}, 
	
VOLUME={2}, 

NUMBER={Issue 1}, 
	
YEAR={2017}, 

URL={https://openscience.fr/Technological-Systems-and-Evolution-of-Industrial-Risks}, 
	
DOI={10.21494/ISTE.OP.2017.0101}, 
	
ISSN={2399-8571}, 
	
ABSTRACT={The aim of this article is to show the relativity of industrial risks regarding the three technological systems
that occurred successively in industrial history. The risks which mainly affect the mining industry and steam engines in the first technological system, limited to on-site risks and risks for personnel, were superseded in the second technological
system by enormous chemical and nuclear accidents, formalized by the concept of major technological risk. The industrial risks of the third technological system were characterized by their scale and generated by their complexity, such as
cybernetic risk, and also by the historical accumulation of nuisances from the industrial history for global environmental risk. This last configuration modifies the influence of industrial risks on the actual course of the technological evolution.}}