@ARTICLE{10.21494/ISTE.OP.2022.0836, 

TITLE={Air-to-Water Cascade Heat Pump Thermal Performance Modelling for Continental Climate Regions}, 
  
AUTHOR={Ye. Yerdesh, A. Toleukhanov, M. Mohanraj, H.S. Wang, O. Botella, M. Feidt, Ye. Belyayev, }, 
	
JOURNAL={Entropy: Thermodynamics – Energy – Environment – Economy }, 
	
VOLUME={3}, 

NUMBER={Issue 1}, 
	
YEAR={2022}, 

URL={https://openscience.fr/Air-to-Water-Cascade-Heat-Pump-Thermal-Performance-Modelling-for-Continental}, 
	
DOI={10.21494/ISTE.OP.2022.0836}, 
	
ISSN={2634-1476}, 
	
ABSTRACT={At low ambient temperatures, the heating capacity and coefficient of performance of a single stage vapour compression heat pump cycle is significantly getting reduced. A two-stage cascade heat pump cycle operating with two different refrigerants provides a sustainable solution to lift the condenser temperature above 70 ℃. Calculation of thermal performance for various refrigerants pairs has been carried out by using Engineering Equation Solver software. The following refrigerants pairs R410A/R290, R410A/R1234yf, R410A/R134a, R410A/R407C, R32/R290, R32/R1234yf, R32/R134a, R32/R407C, R404A/R290, R404A/R1234yf, R404A/R134a, R404A/R407C, R744/R290, R744/R1234yf, R744/R134a, R744/R407C for low and high-temperature cycles have been tested numerically. R32/R134a and R410A/R134a shows the highest vapour compression cycle COP 1.98 from -30 ℃ ambient air temperature and +60 ℃ heating circuit temperature range, but they will be eventually suppressed in near future by Paris Agreement. As an environmentally friendly alternative to the previous pairs in the cascade cycle, R32/R290 and R744/R290 working fluids combinations are proposed.}}