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The relationship between Science, Technology and Development is the subject of an important literature, revealing economic performance : invention, innovation, technology transfer, learning, diversification and even resurgence. This relationship, created and supported by the very role of skilful actors (research laboratories, companies, public and private institutions), generates new economic values or regenerates existing ones. The objective of the “Science, Technology, Development” (STD) journal is to present studies that are pertinent to current development challenges ; those that go beyond the strict framework of economic growth to encompass the ways in which science and technology can contribute, nationally and internationally, to facing challenges linked to the environment, food, health and even social challenges which guide current research in the human and social sciences and in engineering. At the crossroads of monodisciplinary or multidisciplinary analyses, STD accepts contributions from economics, management, engineering, sociology, education sciences and history, all relating to the question of Economic Development.
Scientific Board
Adja Anassé Augustin ANASSE
Moha AROUCH
Arvind ASHTA
Eduardo CASSIOLATO
Lilia CHENITI
Bernard GUILLON
Jean-Luc HORNICK |
Syndhia MATHE
Fatma MRAD
Bénédique PAUL
Ahmed SILEM
Gina Florica STOICA
Sofiane TAHI
Ludovic TEMPLE |
La relation Science-Technologie-Développement fait l’objet d’une importante littérature la positionnant comme révélatrice de performance économique : invention, innovation, transfert de technologies, apprentissage, diversification ou renouveau. Cette relation, créée et soutenue par la fonction même des acteurs ambidextres (laboratoires de recherche, entreprises, institutions publiques et privées), génère de nouvelles valeurs économiques ou régénère les existantes. L’objectif de la revue « Science, Technologie, Développement » (STD) est de présenter des études pertinentes sur les enjeux actuels du développement qui dépassent le cadre strict de la croissance économique pour englober les voies par lesquelles la science et la technologie pourraient contribuer, sur les plan national et international, à faire face aux défis environnementaux, alimentaires, sanitaires ou encore sociaux qui orientent la recherche actuelle en sciences humaines, sociales et en ingénierie. A la croisée d’analyses mono ou pluridisciplinaires, STD accepte des contributions en économie, gestion, ingénierie, sociologie, sciences de l’éducation, histoire relatives aux problématiques du Développement Économique.
Conseil scientifique
Adja Anassé Augustin ANASSE
Moha AROUCH
Arvind ASHTA
Eduardo CASSIOLATO
Lilia CHENITI
Bernard GUILLON
Jean-Luc HORNICK |
Syndhia MATHE
Fatma MRAD
Bénédique PAUL
Ahmed SILEM
Gina Florica STOICA
Sofiane TAHI
Ludovic TEMPLE |
Madagascar is an extraordinary island due to its specific wealth whose specific endemic rate rises to 96%. However, some forest zones are again little known despite being threatened. Such is the case of the ecosystems of Ankilahila (coastal dry forest and mangrove swamp) in the farming township of Betsako. Our objective is to assess the anthropogenic pressures that weigh on it and to provide resolutions so that there is ecological resilience. As a result, An inventory followed by ecological summaries using the linear transect method of Duvigneaud and plots of Braun-blanquet over a surface of 500 m², as well as some investigations have been carried out. Thus, 62 species distributed in 42 families and 7 species distributed in 5 families have been inventoried respectively in the dry forest and the mangrove swamp of Ankilahila. On the subject of dry coastal forests, fires (30%), clearing (6%),cutting (19%), hunting and poaching of birds and lemurs (5%), the harvesting of secondary forest products (9%) (Raphia, tuber plants and honey) have been found. With regard to the mangrove swamp, the cutting of mangrove trees (11%), illicit fishing (5%); hunting of birds and the illicit fishing of crab Scylla serrata (7%) are the major pressures on mangrove swamps. The environmental actions already in place are the tatak’afo or firebreaks, surveillance by villagers and the application of Dina. Furthermore, it is important to maintain the relationship between the conservation of biodiversity and the economic, social, material and cultural well-being of the people.
The coastal zones of Madagascar are constituted of some of the richest natural habitats in the Indian Ocean region. A study on the biological inventory of the Ambanjabe marine natural resources’ management transfer zone in the coastal and marine ecosystems has been carried out. Our work aims to recognize the distribution, abundance or even the threats weighing on this biodiversity in order to sound an alarm, with a view to making an immediate decision about the management of this zone. But, these ecosystems are subject to a continuous deterioration of anthropogenic origin with a close link to population growth. As a hypothesis, the Ambanjabe zone is a site rich in biodiversity following a transfer of management between the local grassroots community, the township and the Waters and Forests service. There are various suitable methods: surveys, introduction of transects, plots and surveys as well as factorial correspondence analysis (FCA). For the results, 43 species were recorded in the marine environment of which 23 were flora and 20 fauna. The dominant families were respectively Fucaceae and Carangidae. Concerning the survey on the coastal ecosystem, 14 species were inventoried of which 7 were flora and 7 fauna dominated by the two families Rhizophoraceae and Ocypodidae.
The Innovation Systems (IS) approach has been widely used since the end of the 1980s and has seen a plethora of terminologies appropriate to the areas visited. This approach has both made it possible to understand the nature of inter-institutional interactions between stakeholders in a system and has influenced public innovation policies in terms of relevant instruments. The approach in terms of IS has been duplicated on numerous territorial scales (regional, local, national) or even sectoral. However, no inter-sectoral proposal has been made within this approach. We thus challenge the concept of One Health in order to be able to propose an Intersectoral Innovation System within the framework of Cameroon. One Health represents an integrated analysis framework connecting animals, plants and their environment. One Health can thus represent a potential axis for building a new Intersectoral Innovation System through better interministerial and intersectoral coordination. In this, we will see how it can be integrated as an intersectoral public policy tool, as well as inserted into this new innovation system in Cameroon.
Madagascar benefits, in some coastal regions, from conditions particularly favorable to penaeid shrimps. The global objective of research is to evaluate the production of catches of industrial shrimps during the first four months in the B zone and the C1 zone of the 2021 campaign. Additionally, the specific objectives of this survey are to: highlight the evolution of the catches; of the Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) and industrial fishing effort; and also to highlight the specific composition of the catches and the abundance of every species caught. For the methodology, observations on land and on board boats, were made in the B fishing zone and the C1 zone. Because of this, five species of penaeids were targeted: Metapenaeuses monoceros, Fenneropenaeus indicus, Penaeus semisulcatus, Penaeus monodon and Marsupenaeus japonicus and the other mixed shrimps. The monthly production between April and July 2021 in the two studied zones varied from 17529 to 32788 kg in the B zone and from 12402 to 24819 kg in the C1 zone. While the variation ofin average Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) was respectively from 397.74 to 2127.21 kg/h in the B zone and 520.84 to 2459.73 kg/h in the C1 zone. The abundance of species catches varied from 43% in the B zone to 45% in the C1 zone, concerning Metapenaeus monoceros and 3% in the B zone and 2% in the C1 zone, concerning Penaeus monodon. Nevertheless, the present document is going to give more indication on the state of the catch yield in relation to the pressure exercised in fishing zones over several decades.
Social action theory is part of a general theory by Tallcot Parson, which brings into debate a unilateral construction of an all-embracing social system, or in practice, a way of life in increasingly shared environments. The Singularity of Artificial Intelligence is a prospective of a human environment substituted by a modeled environment, making Artificial Action a driving force behind human consciousness. The institutionalization of an imaginary homogeneous Africa is the test of cultural diversification consolidated in everyday reality. The setback appears to be the existence of a paradox between the appropriation of the environment of conscious action by the environment of algorithmic action, in which Africa is absent. We can also question this absence at the level of its alignment in an integrated world, with admittedly a unilateral but effective model.
This paper examines the relationship between the protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) and technology transfer through licensing in African countries. We ask the question: In these countries, does the introduction of IPR protection encourage technology transfers through licensing? We use panel data for a sample of 12 African countries, three from North Africa and nine from Sub-Saharan Africa over the period 1995 to 2020. The empirical results show that IPR protection has a positive impact on technology transfer through licensing in these countries. The enforcement of IPR protection laws in African countries increases the incentive for technology transfer. Furthermore, empirical results reveal that the level of economic development, remittances and the demographic size of the country are all key factors in this type of technology transfer. However, education has no impact on technology transfer in these countries.
Several research studies have shown the importance of observable factors in triggering the propensity to innovate, but only a few in the agricultural sector consider the unobservable but determining factors in the innovation process. This article analyzes the effects of psychosociological factors on the propensity of cashew producers to innovate through capacity building. The theories of planned behavior and self-determination have mainly been mobilized. Thanks to a structured interview, we sent a questionnaire to 214 cashew producers and organized focus groups using an interview guide. Results obtained from an analysis of the data using the structural equation model suggest that capacity building influences cognitive capital and learning capacity. These variables, in turn, influence the producers’ propensity for innovation through opportunistic thinking, feelings of self-confidence, social autonomy and competence. Finally, in the decision-making process about whether or not to adopt an innovation, propensity is very important.
The extraction of wood for daily domestic use (mainly for coal and construction) is one of the pressures on forests, even if restoration is carried out. Its consequences are considerably increased in the eastern region of Madagascar, due to the unregulated and disproportionate economic activities that operate mainly due to unemployment. Our objective is to highlight the consequences of economic activities in the target sites. Socio-economic surveys were carried out, followed by data analysis using econometric models. Questionnaires queried the reasons for logging and/or forest conversion in relation to the activities of the inhabitants, the species of trees exploited in the forest restoration area for the manufacture of coal, the amount of trees felled, their diameter and the consequences on forest degradation. Variances and standard deviations were calculated for the results obtained. Thus, the consequences of economic activities are significant. The use of fast-growing indigenous species for forest restoration and the promotion of the use of efficient stoves or “fatana mitsitsy” have been recommended.
This study proposes a system to reduce the number of accidents related to speeding, and aims to facilitate the apprehension of those not complying with speed limits within the city of Lubumbashi. The goal is to create a database and propose a management model for road surveillance by focusing on speeding, in order to significantly reduce the risk of traffic accidents. We limited ourselves to controlling the speed of vehicles within specific areas of Lubumbashi which were presented to us as the places where the highest amount of speed-related accidents occur. We created a database with MYSQL, using specifically the MYSQL Workbench tool, and realized a system management program with MATLAB. This management system allowed us to program the database and to manipulate the data with four functions: writing, display, addition and deletion. Thus, we have chosen a network for transmitting information to the control center via fiber optics. The detector allows us to compare the speed of vehicles to fixed thresholds, which vary from 30 to 70 km/h depending on the area’s speed limits, which are in compliance with the Democratic Republic of Congo’s road traffic laws. The control center would be located at the central office of the Lubumbashi traffic police, where speeding tickets would be generated, to which would be attached all evidence of the offence.
New breeding techniques (NBT) are today at the centre of a new governance of varietal innovation that is reigniting the debates around the technological promises of GMO varieties. Similar to GMOs, they are controversial due to their ecological, agronomic and socio-economic risks. By examining an experimental case study on genome editing techniques used to develop rice varieties in Madagascar, we explore how the interactions between the different societal stakeholders renew the governance of biotechnology-based varietal innovation. The results suggest that initial experimentation should be reconfigured by strengthening skills to detect genetic modifications in new varieties, as well as by considering societal risks. They highlight the inadequacy of institutional frameworks for biosafety risk assessment in low-income countries. The results also inform us on how to strengthen these frameworks through targeted stakeholder involvement. They suggest that more cooperative approaches will aid in defining the models and objectives of varietal innovations.
Editorial Board
Editor
Dimitri UZUNIDIS
Réseau de recherche sur l’innovation, Paris
Dimitri.Uzunidis@univ-littoral.fr
Editor in Chief
Vanessa CASADELLA
Université Picardie Jules Verne
vanessa.casadella@u-picardie.fr
Expertise
Yasmina BERRAOUI
Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie
yasmina.berraoui@auf.org
Membres du comité
Lamis BENMANSEUR
École supérieure de commerce, Kolea
Algerie
benmanseur.lamis@hotmail.fr
Constance DUMALANEDE
Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne
constance.dumalanede@univ-st-etienne.fr
Zinedine KHELFAOUI
Université Montpellier III
zino.khelfaoui@univ-montp3.fr
Michelle MONGO
Mines Saint-Etienne
michelle.mongo@emse.fr
Babacar NDIAYE
Université Amadou Mahtar Mbow
Sénégal
babacar.ndiaye@uam.edu.sn
Hery Lisy Tiana RANARIJAONA
Université de Mahajanga (UMG)
Madagascar
hranarijaona@gmail.com
Cheikh Abdou Lahad THIAW
École Supérieure Polytechnique
(ESP)/Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD)
Sénégal
cheikh.thiaw@gmail.com
Avec le concours de l’Agence universitaire de la Francophonie