TY  - Type of reference 
TI  - Additive manufacturing of polylactic acid (PLA) material considering preheating uncertainty effect 
AU  - Ghais Kharmanda 
AB  - The main objective of this research is to define the best strategies to contribute to the industrialization of the Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology. The industrialization of AM needs to perform several research to deal with the different failure scenarios. The high failure rate leads to arise the total cost which can be a big obstacle to industrialize the AM technology. So, the different failures should be first identified and next treated. The uncertainty should be considered at several levels such as filament material properties, shape complexity, AM process... One of these uncertainty sources is preheating where a failure scenario can be occurred because of preheating issues which related to AM process parameters. In fact, the preheating plays an important role at the adhesion levels, especially at the beginning of the AM process. Considering the preheating uncertainty should lead to increase the reliability level of the AM processes. To highly increase the preheating temperatures, the quality of the products may be affected such as their surface quality and final dimensions. So, there is a need to perform a statistical study considering different preheating parameters. In this work, a complex shape is considered to perform several studies at different preheating temperatures. This complexity of the studied example necessitates to add some supports to obtain the required geometry. An experimental study on PLA (Polylactic acid) material is carried out to define the most reliable preheating parameters for different models. According to the present example and several realistic applications, it is concluded that when manufacturing PLA materials, the best choices of the preheating temperatures are 240°C for the extruder and 100°C for the platform. This way we reduce the likelihood of failure due to adhesion issues. The preheating temperatures largely affect the adhesion levels at the beginning of the AM process. Even for the same conditions, there is no guarantee to obtain the same results which leads to consider the uncertainty concept at each level of the AM process. In addition to the different findings of the preheating effect, this paper provides the newcomers to AM area with some basic concepts and several probable failure scenarios in a simple way. 
DO  - 10.21494/ISTE.OP.2022.0852 
JF  - Uncertainties and Reliability of Multiphysical Systems 
KW  - Additive manufacturing,  uncertainty,  Polylactic acid (PLA),  Failure scenario,  Tree-like support,  Linear support, Additive manufacturing,  uncertainty,  Polylactic acid (PLA),  Failure scenario,  Tree-like support,  Linear support,  
L1  - http://openscience.fr/IMG/pdf/iste_incertfia22v6n1_3.pdf 
LA  - en 
PB  - ISTE OpenScience 
DA  - 2022/06/14 
SN  - 2514-569X 
TT  - Fabrication additive de matériau à base d’acide polylactique (PLA) en tenant compte de l’effet d’incertitude du préchauffage 
UR  - http://openscience.fr/Additive-manufacturing-of-polylactic-acid-PLA-material-considering-preheating 
IS  - Issue 1 
VL  - 6 
ER  -